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Connectionless Protocol: Unlike TCP, UDP is a connectionless protocol, meaning it does not establish a persistent connection between devices before transmitting data, making it faster and more lightweight. No Error Recovery: UDP does not provide error recovery or retransmission of lost packets. This makes it suitable for applications where low latency and real-time data delivery are more importa..

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) are both transport layer protocols used in computer networks to establish reliable connections and transfer data between devices. TCP: Connection-oriented: Before data transfer, a connection must be established between the sender and receiver. Reliable: It ensures data is delivered correctly by using acknowledgem..

Connectionless and connection-oriented are two communication methods used in networking and data transmission. They refer to how data is sent between devices or systems, and each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Connection establishment: Connectionless: In a connectionless communication, no dedicated path or connection is established between the sender and receiver before data tr..

Multiplexer (MUX): Function: A multiplexer is a combinational circuit that selects one of several input signals and forwards the selected input to a single output line. Purpose: Its primary purpose is to reduce the number of physical lines required for communication, thus saving space, cost, and complexity. Control Signals: A multiplexer uses control signals (also called select lines) to determi..

IP Address: Identification: An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. Function: IP addresses serve two main functions - identifying the host or network interface and providing the location of the host in the network. Structure: IPv4 addresses consist of four sets of numbers separated by dot..

Socket = IP Address + Port Number Interface: A socket is an endpoint in a network communication system, providing an interface for data exchange between two devices or programs over a network. Protocol Support: Sockets support various communication protocols, with the most common being TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Addressing: Each soc..